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REFERENCES ON NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS / POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

A

Akmaev, R. A. (2011), Whole atmosphere modeling: Connecting terrestrial and space weather, Rev. Geophys., 49, RG4004, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000364.

Alpers, M. et al., NLC particle properties from a five-color lidar observation at 54º N, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D10), 12235-12240, 2000.

Alexander, M. J., Spectacular mountain wave events observed by HIRDLS, NASA report, 2007.

Alexander, M. J., and H. Teitelbaum, Observation and analysis of a large amplitude mountain wave event over the Antarctic Peninsula, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, 2007.

Avaste, O. et al., Advances in noctilucent cloud research in the space era, Pure Appl. Geophys, 18, 525-580, 1980.

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B

Bailey, S. M., Merkel, A. W., Thomas, G. E., Carst ens, J. N., 2005. Observations of polar mesospheric clouds by the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer. J. Geophys. Res., in press.

Bailey, S.M. et al., Hemispheric differences in Polar Mesospheric Cloud morphology observed by the Student Nitric Oxide Explorer, J. Atm. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 69, 1407-1418, 2007.

Bardeen, C. G., O. B. Toon, E. J. Jensen, D. R. Marsh, and V. L. Harvey (2008), Numerical simulations of the three-dimensional distribution of meteoric dust in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res.,113, D17202, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009515.

Baumgarten, G., and D. C. Fritts, 2013: Quantifying Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability Dynamics Observed in Noctilucent Clouds: 1. Definition of Dynamics in High-Resolution Imaging, J. Geophys. Res., submitted.

Baumgarten, G., J. Fiedler, F.-J. Lubken, and G. von Cossart, Interannual variations of particle properties and water content of noctilucent clouds, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2007.

Baumgarten, G., K.H. Fricke and G. von Cossart, 2002, Investigation of the shape of noctilucent cloud particles by polarization lidar technique, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(13), 1630, 10.1029/2001GL013877.

Becker, E., and C. von Savigny (2010), Dynamical heating of the polar summer mesopause induced by solar proton events, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00I18, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012561.


Beig,G., J. Scheer, M.G. Mlynczak and P. Keckhu (2008), Overview of the temperature response in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere to solar activity, Rev. Geophys., 46, RG3002, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007RG000236

Beig, G., et al. (2003), Review of mesospheric temperature trends, Rev. Geophys., 41(4), 1015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002RG000121.

Beig, G. (2002), Overview of the mesospheric temperature trend and factors of uncertainty, Phys. Chem. Earth, 27, 509–519.

Berger, U. and U. von Zahn, 1999, The two-level structure of the mesopause: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D18) 22083-22093.

Berger, U. and U. von Zahn, 2002, Icy particles in the summer mesopause region: Three-dimensional modeling of their environment and two-dimensional modeling of their transport, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A11), 1366, doi:10.1029/2001JA000316, 2002.

Berger, U. and U. von Zahn, Three-dimensional modeling of the trajectories of visible noctilucent cloud particles: An indication of particle nucleation well below the mesopause, J. Geophys. Res., 112, doi:10.1029/2006JD008106, 2007.

Bodhaine, B.A., N.B. Wood, E.G. Dutton, & J.R. Slusser, "On Rayleigh Optical Depth Calculations", J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 16, 1854-1861, 1999.

Burton , S. P., Thomason, L. W., 2000. Polar mesospheric clouds in SAGE II Version 6.0 data. Proc. Quadrennial Ozone Symp., Sapporo, Japan, Int. Ozone Comm., pp. 325-326.

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C

Carbary, J. F., G. J. Romick, D. Morrison, L. J. Paxton, and C. I. Meng, Altitudes of polar mesospheric clouds observed by a middle ultraviolet imager, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 10089, 1999.

Carbary, J. F., Morrison, D., Romick, G. J., 2001. Hemispheric comparison of PMC altitudes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 725-728.

Carbary, J.F., D. Morrison and G.J. Romick, 2002, Particle characteristics from the spectra of polar mesospheric clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4686, doi:10.1029/2001JD001154.

Carbary, J.F., D. Morrison and G.J. Romick, 2003, Ultraviolet imaging and spectrographic imaging of polar mesospheric clouds, Adv. Sp. Res., 31(9), 2091-2096.

Carbary, J. F., Morrison, D., Romick, G. J., 2004. Evidence for bimodal particle distribution from the spectra of polar mesospheric clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L13108, doi:10.1029/2004GL20101.

Carbary, J. F., D. Morrison, and G. J. Romick, Maps of polar mesospheric clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8446, doi:10.1029/2002JD002255, 2003.

Chandran, A., D. W. Rusch, G. E. Thomas, S. E. Palo, G. Baumgarten, E. J. Jensen, and A. W. Merkel (2012), Atmospheric gravity wave effects on polar mesospheric clouds: A comparison of numerical simulations from CARMA 2D with AIM observations, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D20104, doi:10.1029/2012JD017794.

Chandran, A., Rusch, D., S.E. Palo, G.E. Thomas, M.J. Taylor, Gravity wave observations from the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) Experiment on the AIM Spacecraft, J. Atmos Solar Terr.Phys., submitted, 2008.

Chu, X., Gardner, C. S., Pappen, G., Lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds at the South Pole: Diurnal variations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1937-1940, 2001.

Chu, X., C.S. Gardner and G. Paper, 2001, Lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds at south pole: Seasonal variations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(7), 1203-1206.

Chu, X, C. S. Gardner, and R. G. Roble, Lidar studies of interannual, seasonal, and diurnal variations of polar mesospheric clouds at the south pole, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), doi:10.1029/2002JD2524, 2003.

Chu, X. et al., Lidar observations of polar mesospheric clouds at Rothera, Antarctica (67.5 S, 68.0 W), Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02114, doi:10.1029/2003GL018638, 2004.

Collins, R.L. et al. (2009), Noctilucent cloud in the western Arctic in 2005: Simultaneous lidar and camera observations and analysis, J. Atm. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 71, 446-452, http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2008.09.044

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D

Debrestian, D. J., J. D. Lumpe, E. P. Shettle, R. M. Bevilacqua, J. J. Olivero, J. S. Hornstein, W. Glaccum, D. W. Rusch, C. E. Randall, and M. D. Fromm, An analysis of POAM II solar occultation observations of polar mesospheric clouds in the southern hemisphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1971- 1981, 1997.

DeLand, M. T., E. P. Shettle, G. E. Thomas, and J. J. Olivero, Solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) observations of polar mesospheric clouds over two solar cycles, J.Geophys. Res. 108(D8), 8445, doi:10.1029/2002JD002398, 2003.

DeLand, M. T., Shettle, E. P., Thomas, G. E., Olivero, J. J., 2005. Spectral measurements of PMCs from SBUV/2 instruments. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.,in press.

DeLand, M.T., E.P. Shettle, G.E. Thomas, and J.J. Olivero (2007), Latitude-dependent long-term variations in polar mesospheric clouds from SBUV version 3 PMC data, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10315, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007857.

DeLand, M.T., Shettle, E.P., Thomas, G.E. and J.J. Olivero, A quarter-century of satellite PMC observations, submitted to J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 2005.

Dewan, E. M. Picard, R. H. O'Neil, R. R. Gardiner, H. A. Gibson J. Mill, J. D. Richards, E. Kendra, M. Gallery, W. O. 1998, MSX satellite observations of thunderstorm- generated gravity waves in midwave infrared images of the upper stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 , No. 7, 939 (98GL00640).

Donahue, T. M., Guenther, B., Blamont, J. E., 1972. Noctilucent clouds in daytime: Circumpolar particulate layers near the summer mesopause. J. Atmos. Sci. 30, 515-517.

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E

Eckermann, S. D., and P. Preusse, Global measurements of stratospheric mountain waves from space, Science, 286, 1534-1537, 1999.

Emmert, J. T., M. H. Stevens, P. F. Bernath, D. P. Drob, and C. D. Boone (2012), Observations of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in Earth’s thermosphere, Nature Geo. Sci., in press.

Espy, P. J., J. Stegmann, and G. Witt, Interannual variations of the quasi-16-day oscillation in the polar summer mesosphere temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1983-1990, 1997.

Espy, P.J. and H. Jutt, Equilibrium temperature of water-ice aerosols in the high-latitude summer mesosphere, J. Atm. Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 64, 1823-1832, 2002.

Espy, P.J. et al., Seasonal variations of the gravity wave momentum flux in the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109(D23109), doi:10.1029/2003JD004446, 2004.

Evans, W.F.J. , L.R. Laframboise, K.R. Sine, R.H. Wiens and G.G. Shepherd, Observation of polar mesospheric clouds in summer, 1993 by the WINDII instrument on UARS, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 2793-2796, 1995.

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F

Fiedler, J., Baumgarten, G., von Cossart, G., 2003. Noctilucent clouds above ALOMAR between 1997 and 2001: Occurrence and properties. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 8453, doi:10.1029/2002JD002419.

Fiedler, J. et al. (2011), NLC and the background atmosphere above ALOMAR, Atmos. Chem. Phys, 11, 5701-5717, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5701-2011.


Fritts, D. C., G. Baumgarten, K. Wan, J. Werne, and T. Lund, 2013a: Quantifying Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability Dynamics Observed in Noctilucent Clouds: 2. Modeling and Interpretation of Observations, J. Geophys. Res., submitted.

Fritts, D. C., G. Baumgarten, and L. Wang, 2013b:  Gravity Wave Breaking Dynamics Observed in Noctilucent Clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., to be submitted.

Fogle, B., The climatology of noctilucent clouds according to observations made from North America during 1964-1966, Met. Mag., 97(1152), 193-204.

Fogle, B. and B. Haurwitz, Noctilucent Clouds, Space Sci. Rev., 6, 279-340, 1966.

Fogle, B., Haurwitz, B., 1973. Long term variations in noctilucent cloud activity and their possible cause. Climatological Research, Fraedrich, K., Hantel, M., Claussen Korf, H., Ruprecht, E. (Eds.), Bonner Meteorologische Abhandlungen, pp. 263-273.

Fritts, D.C., J.R. Isler, G.E. Thomas, and O. Andreassen, Wave breaking signatures in noctilucent clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2039-2042, 1993.

Fritts, D.C. et al., Observations of extreme temperature and wind gradients near the summer mesopause during the MaCWAVE/MIDAS rocket campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31(L24S06), doi:10.1029/2003GL019389.

Fritts, D.C., and R.A. Vincent, Mesospheric momentum flux studies at Adelaide, Australia: Observations and gravity wave-tidal interaction model, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 605, 1987.

Fritts, D.C., and M.J. Alexander, Gravity wave dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere, Rev. Geophys., 41, 1, doi:10.1029/2001RG000106, 2003.

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G

Gadsden, M., Noctilucent clouds, Space Sci. Rev., 33, 279-334, 1982.

Gadsden, M. and W. Schroder, Noctilucent Clouds, 165 pp., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989.

Gadsden, M. A secular change in noctilucent cloud occurrence, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 247-251, 1990.

Gadsden, M. and M. J. Taylor, Measurements of noctilucent cloud heights: a benchmark for changes in the mesosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys, 56, 461-466, 1994.

Gadsden, M. Observations of noctilucent clouds from North-West Europe, Annales Geophysicae, 3, 119-126, 1985.

Gadsden, M. and M. J. Taylor, Anweisungen fur die photographischen aufnahmen der Lauchtenden Nachtwolken - 102 years on, Journ. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 447, 1993.

Gadsden, M., 1998. The North-West Europe data on noctilucent clouds: a survey. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 60, 1163-1174.

Gadsden, M., Noctilucent clouds seen at 60 N: origin and development, J. Atm. Solar-Terr. Physics, 60, 1763-1772, 1998.

Gadsden, M., 2000. Polar mesospheric clouds seen from geostationary orbit. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 62, 31-36.

Gadsden, M., Structure of polar mesospheric clouds seen from a geostationary satellite, Adv. Space Res., 27(10), 1697-1702, 2001.

Gadsden, M., 2002. Statistics of the annual counts of nights on which NLCs were seen. Memoirs Brit. Astron. Assoc. 45, Mesospheric Clouds 2002, Gadsden, M., James, N. D. (Eds.), presented at the meeting in Perth, Scotland.

Garcia, R. R., et al., (2011) On the Determination of Age of Air Trends from Atmospheric Trace Species, J. Atm. Sci, vol. 68, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3527.1, p 139


Garcia, R. R., (1989). Dynamics, radiation, and photochemistry in the mesosphere: Implications for the formation of noctilucent clouds. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 14,605-14,616, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JD094iD12p14605.

Garcia, R.R., and S. Solomon, The effect of breaking gravity waves on the dynamics and chemical composition of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3850, 1985.

Gavine, D., 2002. Noctilucent clouds: the amateur contribution. Memoirs Brit. Astron. Assoc. 45, Mesospheric Clouds 2002, Gadsden, M., James, N. D. (Eds.), presented at the meeting in Perth, Scotland.

Gerrard, A. J., Kane, T. J., Thayer, J. P., Eckermann, S. D., 2004. Concerning the upper stratospheric gravity wave and mesospheric cloud relationship over Sondrestrom, Greenland. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 66, 229-240.

Goldberg, R. A., et al., 2001. DROPPS: A study of the polar summer mesosphere with rocket, radar and lidar. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1407-1410.

Gore, A., Earth in the Balance : Ecology and the Human Spirit, Houghton-Mifflin, N. Y., 368 pp, 1992.

Gray, L J. et al., (2010) Solar Influences on Climate, Rev. Geophys., 48, RG4001, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009RG000282.


Gruzdev, A. N., H. Schmidt, and G. P. Brasseur (2009), The effect of the solar rotational irradiance variation on the middle and upper atmosphere calculated by a three-dimensional chemistry-climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9(2), 595–614,
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-595-2009


Guharay, A., D. Nath, P. Pant, B. Pande, J. M. Russell III, and K. Pandey (2009), Middle atmospheric thermal structure obtained from Rayleigh lidar and TIMED/SABER observations: A comparative study, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18105, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011963

Gumbel, J. and G. Witt, In situ measurements of the vertical structure of a noctilucent cloud, Geophys. Res. Lett, 25(4), 493-496, 1998.

Gumbel, J. et al., Influences of ice particles on the ion chemistry of the polar summer mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8436, doi:10.1029/2002JD002413, 2003.

Gumbel, J. et al., Scattering phase functions and particle sizes in noctilucent clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(8), 1415-1418, 2001.

Gumbel, J., T. Waldemarsson, F. Giovane, M. Khaplanov, J. Hedin, B. Karlsson, S. Lossow, L. Megner, J. Stegman, K. H. Fricke, U. Blum, P. Voelger, S. Kirkwood, P. Dalin, Z. Sternovsky, S. Robertson, M. Horányi, R. Stroud, D. E. Siskind, R. R. Meier, J. Blum, M. Summers, J. M. C. Plane, N. J. Mitchell, M. Rapp (2005), The MAGIC rocket campaign: an overview, Proc. 17th ESA Symposium or European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research (ESA SP- 590), 141-144.

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H

Haurwitz, B., and B. Fogle, Waveforms in noctilucent clouds, Deep Sea Res.,16, 85-95, 1969.

Hapgood, M.A., and M. J. Taylor, Analysis of airglow image data.  Ann. Geophys., t.38, fasc. 6, 1982, p.805-813.


Hart, V.P., T.E. Doyle, M.J. Taylor, B.L. Carruth, P.-D.Pautet, and Y. Zhao (2012), Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of mesospheric airglow structures using two-station ground-based image measurements, Appl. Optics, 51, No 7, 963, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.51.000963.

Hervig, M., R. E. Thompson, M. McHugh, L. L. Gordley, J. M. Russell, M. E. Summers, First confirmation that water ice is the primary component of polar mesospheric clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 971-974, 2001.

Hervig, M., and D. Siskind (2006), Decadal and inter-hemispheric variability in polar mesospheric clouds, water vapor, and temperature, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 68, 30–41.

Hervig, M. E., D. E. Siskind, M. H. Stevens, and L. E. Deaver, Inter-hemispheric comparison of PMCs and their environment from SOFIE observations, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., in press, 2012. 

Hervig, M., McHugh, M., Summers, M. E., 2003. Water vapor enhancement in the polar summer mesosphere and its relationship to polar mesospheric clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, doi:10.1029/2003GL018089.

Hervig et al., GRL, 28, 971-974, 2003.

Hoffmann, P., Rapp, M., Singer, W. &Keuer, D. (2011), Trends of mesospheric gravity waves at northern middle latitudes during summer. J. Geophys Res., 116, D00P08, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015717.

Hoffner, J., C. Fricke-Begemann and F.-J. Lubken, First observations of noctilucent clouds by lidar at Svalbard, 78 N, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1101-1111, 2003.

Holton, J.R., The influence of gravity wave breaking on the circulation of the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2497-2507, 1983.

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Hunten, D. M., Turco, R. P., Toon, O. B., 1980. Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 37, 1342-1357.

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J

Jackman, C. H., Marsh, D. R., Vitt, F. M., Garcia, R. R., Randall, C. E., Fleming, E. L., and Frith, S. M., (2009), Long-term middle atmospheric influence of very large solar proton events, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11304, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011415.


Jackman, C. H., R. G. Roble, and E. L. Fleming (2007), Mesospheric dynamical changes induced by the solar proton events in October – November 2003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04812, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028328.

Jackman, C. H., M. C. Cerniglia, J. E. Nielsen, D. J. Allen, J. M. Zawodny, R. D. McPeters, A. R. Douglass, J. E. Rosenfield, and R. B. Rood (1995), Two-dimensional and three-dimensional model simulations, measurements, and interpretation of the influence of the October 1989 solar proton events on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,641– 11,660, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95JD00369.

Jacobi, C. (1998), On the solar cycle dependence of winds and planetary waves as seen from mid-latitude D1 LF mesopuase region wind measurements, Ann, Geophys., 16, 1534-1543, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1534-3

Janches, Diego; Heinselman, Craig J.; Chau, Jorge L.; Chandran, Amal; Woodman, Ronald, ‘Modeling the global micrometeor input function in the upper atmosphere observed by high power and large aperture radars’, Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 111, Issue A7, CiteID A07317

Jensen, E., G.E. Thomas, and B.B. Balsley, On the statistical correlation between polar mesospheric cloud occurrence and enhanced mesosphere radar echoes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 315-318, 1988.

Jensen, E., and G. E. Thomas, A growth-sedimentation model of Polar Mesospheric Clouds: Comparison with SME measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2461-2473, 1988.

Jensen, E., Thomas, G. E., Toon, O. B., 1989. On the diurnal variation of noctilucent clouds. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 14,693-14,702.

Jensen, E.J., A numerical model of polar mesospheric cloud formation and evolution, PhD thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 176pp., 1989

Jensen, E.J. and G.E. Thomas, Charging of mesospheric particles: implications for electron density and particle coagulation, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 18,603-18,615, 1991.

Jensen, E. J., and G. E. Thomas, Numerical simulations of the effects of gravity waves on noctilucent clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3421-3430, 1994.

Jiang, J. H., D. L. Wu, and S. D. Eckermann, Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) MLS observation of mountain waves over the Andes, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8237, doi:10.1029/2002JD002091, 2002.

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K

Kalashnikova, M. Horanyi, G.E. Thomas, and O.B. Toon, Meteoric smoke production in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 27, No. 20, 3293-3296, 2000.

Karlsson, B. and M. Rapp, Latitudinal dependence of noctilucent cloud growth, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11812, doi:10.1029/2006GL025805, 2006.

Karlsson, B., H. Kornich, and J. Gumbel (2007), Evidence for interhemispheric stratosphere-mesosphere coupling derived from noctilucent cloud properties, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16806, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL020282.

Karlsson et al., GRL, 34, 6806-6809, 2007.

Kelley, M. C., M.J. Nicolls, R. H. Varney, R. L. Collins, R. Doe, J.M.C. Plane, J. Thayer, M. Taylor, B. Thurairajah, and K. Mizutani (2010), Radar, lidar and optical observations in the polar summer mesosphere shortly after a space shuttle launch, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A05304, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014938.


Kelley, M.C., C.E. Seyler and M. F. Larsen (2009), Two-dimensional turbulence, space shuttle plume transport in the thermosphere and a possible relation to the Great Siberian Impact Event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L14103, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038362.

Kirkwood, S., V. Barabash, B. U. E. Brandstrom, A. Mostrom, K. Stebel, N. Mitchell, and W. Hocking, Noctilucent clouds, PMSE, and 5-day planetary waves: a case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (10), 10.1029/2001GL014022, 2002.

Kirkwood and Stebel, The influence of planetary waves on noctilucent cloud occurrence over NW Europe, , J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8440, doi:10.1029/2002JD002357, 2003.

Kirkwood, S., and K. Stebel, Influence of Planetary waves on noctilucent cloud occurrence over NW Europe, J. Geophys. Res, 108(D8), 8440, doi:10.1029/2002JD002356, 2003.

Klostermeyer, J., Effect of tidal variability on the mean diurnal variation of noctilucent clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D9), 9749-9755, 2001.

Klostermeyer, J., 2002. Noctilucent clouds getting brighter. J. Geophys. Res. 107(D17), 4195, doi:10.1029/2001JD001345.

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Krivolutsky, A. A., A. V. Klyuchnikova, G. R. Zakharov, T. Y. Byushkova, and A. A. Kuminov (2006), Dynamical response of the middle atmosphere to solar proton event of July 2000: Three-dimensional model simulations, Adv. Space Res., 37, 1602 – 1613, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.115.

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L

Lawrence, G.M., G.E. Thomas, R.A. Kohnert and J.W. Westfall, An ultraviolet imaging polarimeter for observing polar mesospheric clouds, International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), 2266, 232-241, 1994.

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Liu, H.L. (2007), On the large wind shear and fast meridional transport above the mesopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, L08815, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028789.

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Lubken, F-J., Thermal structure of the arctic summer mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D8), 9135-9149, 1999.

Lübken, F. J. (2000), Nearly zero temperature trend in the polar summer mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3603–3606, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011893.

Lübken, F. J. (2001), No long term change of the thermal structure in the mesosphere at high latitudes during summer, Adv. Space. Res., 28(7), 947–953, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(01)80022-3.

Lubken, F.-J. and A. Mullemann, First in situ temperature measurements in the summer mesosphere at very high latitudes (78 N), J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8448, doi:10.1029/2002JD002414, 2003.

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